FERROUS METALS (IRON AND STEEL)
IRON
There are 21 different ferrous alloys. Most are standard pig irons which are changed during the processing stage to form more manageable and malleable forms. Some have elements added for specialist use.
Listed bellow are the 18 iron types:-
Anthracite iron, Bismanol, Cast iron, Charcoal iron, Ductile iron, Elinvar, Fernico, Glucydur, Grey iron, Invar, Kovar, Malleable iron, NiFe, Oreground iron, Pig iron, Puddle iron, Spiegeleisgn, Wrought iron.
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STEEL
Steel is an alloy of mostly iron with added carbon of differing proportions. Other additives include manganese, chromium, vanadium and tungsten. Steel is far superior to iron and is used extensively in all aspects of industry.
Listed below are the 44 steel types:-
41xx steel, A36 steel, A500 steel, A514 steel, A53 steel, ABS Steels, AL-6XN, Alloy 20, Aluminized steel, Bintie, Bulat steel, CPM S30V steel, Carbon steel, Celestrium, Chrome steel, Chromoly, Corrugated galvanised iron, Crucible steel, Damascus steel, Dual-phase steel, Eglin Steel, Electrical steel, HSLA steel, Hardened steel, High speed steel, Hot-dip galvanizing, Low alloy steel, MKM steel, Maraging steel, Marine grade stainless, Nitridization, PPGI, Rebar, Reynolds 531, Rolled homogeneous armour, Spring steel, Stainless steel, Structural steel, Surgical stainless steel, TMT steel, Tamahagane, Tool steel, VG-10, Weathering steel, Wootz steel.
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NON-FERROUS METALS
These are metals that do not contain any ferrous (iron) material. There are many non-ferrous metals.
ALUMINIUM
Malleable pure metal which is conductive to heat and electricity, corrosive resistant. Used in the aircraft industry, boat building, automobile engine parts, saucepans.
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DURALIMINIUM
Alloy of aluminium plus 4% copper and 1% manganese. Ductile and malleable. Used for aircraft and automobile parts.
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COPPER
Copper is a ductile metal. It has pinkish colour and is a good thermal and electrical conductor. It does not react with water but react with air slowly at room temperature to form a layer of brown-black copper oxide on copper metal which has a protective effect against further corrosion. It can be easily fabricated.
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NICKEL
Nickel is a lustrous metallic and silvery with a gold tinge metal that takes a high polish. It belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile. it is used in coins, for plating iron, brass, etc., it has resistance to corrosion.
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BRASS
Brass is a metal which is composed of zinc and copper. The colour ranges from reddish brown to silvery yellow depending on the amount of zinc present. Brass is stronger and harder than copper, It is easy to form into various shapes, is a good conductor of heat, and most importantly is it’s resistance to corrosion from salt water. It is more malleable than copper or zinc. The relatively low melting point of brass and its flow characteristics make it a relatively easy material to cast. Brass alloys are recycled.
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LEAD
Heavy common metal, soft and malleable, resistant to corrosion. Used for applications where x-ray protection is needed, paints, roof covering, flashing, constituent part of solder when mixed with tin.
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ZINC
Resistant to corrosion once oxidized, malleable. Used for galvanized steel plate as a protective coating, constituent of brass, tanks, buckets, rust proof paint.
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TIN
Corrosive resistant. Used for tin plating and constituent part of brass.
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